ELISpot Plus: Human IL‑31 (ALP)

Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-6 family. It is mainly secreted by activated T cells, especially in Th2 helper cells, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-31 mainly acts in the skin, lung, intestine, and nervous system, facilitating cell-mediated immunity against pathogens. The receptor for IL-31 is found on e.g. keratinocytes and endothelial cells and can be upregulated on activated monocytes. However, IL-31 is considered a Th2-type cytokine with different functions than other Th2-type cytokines. In transgenic mice overexpressing IL-31, the cytokine induces pruritus and dermatitis resembling human atopic dermatitis (AD). In humans, IL-31 has been associated with AD, atopic and contact allergies, airway hypersensitivity, and inflammatory bowel disease.